Kodular BHINEKA: Development and Preliminary Effectiveness of Android-Based Civic Learning Media for Enhancing Elementary Students’ Critical Thinking and Learning Outcomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v18i3.9825Keywords:
android base learning media; civic education; critical thinking skills; elementary school; learning outcomesAbstract
Low learning outcomes and limited critical thinking skills remain challenges in elementary Civic Education, partly due to teacher-centered instruction and limited use of interactive digital media. This study aimed to develop Kodular BHINEKA, an Android-based learning medium, and examine its feasibility and preliminary effectiveness in supporting fifth-grade students’ learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. This Research and Development study employed the ADDIE model and involved 30 fifth-grade students. Product feasibility was assessed through expert validation using Aiken’s V. Changes in learning outcomes and critical thinking skills were examined using a one-group pretest–posttest design, with data analyzed through the Shapiro–Wilk test, paired-sample t-test, and N-Gain analysis. The application achieved an average feasibility score of 87.87% and an Aiken’s V coefficient of 0.87, indicating high feasibility. Significant differences were found between pretest and posttest scores for both learning outcomes and critical thinking skills (p < 0.001). The N-Gain was 0.70 for learning outcomes, categorized as high, and 0.59 for critical thinking skills, categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that Kodular BHINEKA is feasible for classroom implementation and provide preliminary evidence of improved learning outcomes and critical thinking following its use. However, the absence of a control group limits causal interpretation, warranting further controlled studies.
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